The formula
SGPA = Σ(Cᵢ × Gᵢ) / ΣCᵢ ; CGPA = Σ(Cₛ × SGPAₛ) / ΣCₛ
- Cᵢ
- credits for each subject
- Gᵢ
- grade points: O = 10, A+ = 9, A = 8, B+ = 7, B = 6, C = 5, P = 4, F = 0
- Cₛ
- total credits registered in each semester
Worked example
Five subjects: 4 cr A+, 4 cr A, 3 cr O, 3 cr B+, 2 cr A.
- Credit points: (4×9) + (4×8) + (3×10) + (3×7) + (2×8)
- = 36 + 32 + 30 + 21 + 16 = 135
- Total credits: 4+4+3+3+2 = 16
- SGPA = 135 / 16
SGPA = 8.44 for the semester.
Where you'll use it
Checking results, working out what you need next semester to reach a target CGPA, and converting to a percentage for job applications — VTU's usual formula is (CGPA − 0.75) × 10.