ElectroHub
All electrical laws

Kirchhoff's current law (KCL)

Also known as the Junction rule · Kirchhoff's first law.

The algebraic sum of currents entering a node equals the sum of currents leaving it — the net current at any junction is zero.

I₁I₂I₃I₄I₁ + I₂ = I₃ + I₄
Currents in (blue) balance currents out at every node.

ΣI(in) = ΣI(out)

I
each branch current meeting at the node (amperes)

In plain English: Charge doesn't pile up at a junction. Whatever flows in must flow out — like water at a pipe tee. If 3 A comes in and one branch takes 1 A, the other carries 2 A, no exceptions.

Where you'll meet it: Splitting current between parallel branches, checking that measured branch currents add up, and the basis of nodal analysis in circuit theory courses.

Calculators that use this law

Components this law governs

More in Circuit analysis — Kirchhoff's laws